DFRE/ch16

ch16

dz / DFRE / ch16

Summary

The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Chapter 16

Node Tree

Nodes

christians
content Early christians
children illegal_gatherings, persecution_first_christians, sect, tolerated

persecution_first_christians
content Persecution of First Christians
children mysterious_veil, against_ancestral_tradition
parents christians

against_ancestral_tradition
content went against ancestral tradition
parents persecution_first_christians

jews
content Jews
children nation, unlawful_pay_taxes

unlawful_pay_taxes
content Felt it unlawful to pay taxes
parents jews

impatience_rome_dominion
content impatience of Rome Dominion
children barchochebas
parents rome_govt

rome_govt
content Rome Government
children impatience_rome_dominion

barchochebas
content Barchochebas
children hadrian, hardian (fought)
parents impatience_rome_dominion

hardian
content Hardian
parents barchochebas

nation
content Nation
children difference_between
parents jews

sect
content Sect
children difference_between
parents christians

difference_between
content Difference between
parents nation, sect

illegal_gatherings
content Illegal Gatherings
parents christians

restored_ancient_privileges
content Restored Ancient Prvileges
parents pius

pius
content Pius
children restored_ancient_privileges
parents hadrian

hadrian
content hadrian
children pius
parents barchochebas

tolerated
content Tolerated
parents christians

justify_persecution
content History... ill deserve,... plead cause tyrants, justify maxims persecution
children mysterious_veil (next)
remarks musings: why were christrians persecuted?

mysterious_veil
content Mysterious Veil, infancy church, protection
children providence_not_much_attention, except_nero_no_roman_persecution
parents justify_persecution, persecution_first_christians
remarks the early christians blended in to roman society with the existing Jewish population

providence_not_much_attention
content providence didn't pay them much attention
parents mysterious_veil

except_nero_no_roman_persecution
content Except for Nero, no real traces of Roman intolerance
children improper_dismiss_nero, nero_reign_fire
parents mysterious_veil

nero_reign_fire
content Nero Reign in the 10th year afflicted with fire
children nero_blamed, passage_of_tacitus
parents except_nero_no_roman_persecution

nero_blamed
content Nero Blamed for starting the fire on his own city
children incredible_stories_genius_enraged_people (was this the rationale for blaming Nero?), nero_invents_claims_christians_culprits (done to deflect the blame he was receiving)
parents nero_reign_fire

incredible_stories_genius_enraged_people
content "The most incredible stories are the best adapted to the genius of an enraged people"
parents nero_blamed
remarks I mostly included this verbatim because it's a nice quote that also applies to internet mob mentality

nero_invents_claims_christians_culprits
content Nero invents claims that Christians were behind the fire
children torture (Nero tortures (and interrogates?) Christians)
parents nero_blamed

torture
content torture
parents nero_invents_claims_christians_culprits

improper_dismiss_nero
content It would be improper... dismiss Nero's persecution... till we have made observations
parents except_nero_no_roman_persecution

passage_of_tacitus
content Passage of Tacitus
children tacitus
parents nero_reign_fire

tacitus
content Tacitus
children life_of_agricola, annals, born_years_before_fire, hadrian_succeeds_throne
parents passage_of_tacitus

born_years_before_fire
content Born years before fire, wrote about it secondhand
parents tacitus

life_of_agricola
content 40 years old, wrote life of Agricola
children history_of_rome (after)
parents tacitus

history_of_rome
content History of Rome, thirty books, fall of nero to ascension of Nerva
parents life_of_agricola

annals
content Annals, four successors to Augustus
parents tacitus

hadrian_succeeds_throne
content Hadrian succeeds throne before tacitus writes about fire
children indulge_himself_in_description
parents tacitus

indulge_himself_in_description
content Indulge himself in the description of the origin.. not according.. prejudices.. Nero.. [but] as according .. [to] time of Hadrian
children conjecture
parents hadrian_succeeds_throne

conjecture
content Conjecture: Galilaeans sect. Followers of Judas of Gaulonite
parents indulge_himself_in_description

capitation_tax_jewish_people
content Emperors Levied Capitation Tax on Jewish People
children tribunual_of_emperor

tribunual_of_emperor
content Tribunal of Emperor
children grandsons_st_jude (brought before tribunual)
parents capitation_tax_jewish_people

grandsons_st_jude
content Grandsons of St. Jude, the brother of Jesus Christ
children heirs_to_throne_of_david
parents tribunual_of_emperor

heirs_to_throne_of_david
content Heirs to Throne of David
children suspicians_of_tyrant (protected from suspicians)
parents grandsons_st_jude

domitian
content Domitian
children suspicians_of_tyrant, domitilla (niece, bestowed to flavius clemens in marriage,adopted children in hope of succession), flavius_sabinus (uncle)

suspicians_of_tyrant
content suspicians of tyrant
parents domitian, heirs_to_throne_of_david

flavius_sabinus
content Flavius Sabinus
children two_sons
parents domitian

two_sons
content two sons
children elder_son_convicted, flavius_clemens (younger son)
parents flavius_sabinus

elder_son_convicted
content elder son convicted of treasonous intentions
parents two_sons

flavius_clemens
content Flavius Clemens
children charged_atheism_jewish_manners, domitilla (wife), flavius_condemed_executed
parents two_sons

domitilla
content Domitilla
children charged_atheism_jewish_manners, domitilla_banished
parents domitian, flavius_clemens

domitilla_banished
content Domitilla Banished to coast of Campania
parents domitilla, charged_atheism_jewish_manners

flavius_condemed_executed
content Flavius Condemed and Executed
parents flavius_clemens, charged_atheism_jewish_manners

charged_atheism_jewish_manners
content Charged with "Atheism and Jewish Manners", a singular association of ideas, which cannot with any propriety be applied except to the Christians
children clemens_domitilla_first_martyrs, domitilla_banished, flavius_condemed_executed
parents flavius_clemens, domitilla

clemens_domitilla_first_martyrs
content Clemens and Domitilla First Martyrs
children younger_pliny_bithynia_pontia (10 years after)
parents charged_atheism_jewish_manners

younger_pliny_bithynia_pontia
content Younger Pliny Entrusted with government of Bithynia and Pontia, under reign of Trajan
children never_assisted_judicial_proceedings_christians
parents clemens_domitilla_first_martyrs

never_assisted_judicial_proceedings_christians
content Never assisted judicial proceedings against Christians
children uninformed
parents younger_pliny_bithynia_pontia

uninformed
content Uninformed by "nature of guilt", "method of conviction", "degree of their punishment"
children trajan_instruct_ignorance
parents never_assisted_judicial_proceedings_christians

no_laws_or_decrees_against_christians
content No laws or decrees against christians.
parents trajan_instruct_ignorance

trajan_instruct_ignorance
content Asked Trajan to "instruct his ignorance"
children no_laws_or_decrees_against_christians (demonstrates that there were no official laws against,Christians), answer_of_trajan
parents uninformed

answer_of_trajan
content Answer of Trajan: "as much regard for justice and humanity as could be reconciled with his mistaken notions of religious policy"
parents trajan_instruct_ignorance

expedience_elude_laws
content The expedience which was employed to elude the presence of the laws afford... proof how effectually they dissappointed... private malice or superstitious zeal

iii
content iii
children punishment_not_inevitable

punishment_not_inevitable
content Punishment was not the inevitable consequence of conviction
children total_disregard_truth_natural_mistake, easy_pardon
parents iii

easy_pardon
content easy pardon, cast a few grains of incense upon the altar
children persuations_ineffectual
parents punishment_not_inevitable

persuations_ineffectual
content If threats/persuations ineffectual, he [judge? magistrate?] had often recourse to violence.
children obtain_not_confession_but_denial
parents easy_pardon

obtain_not_confession_but_denial
content Obtain not a confession, but a denial, of the crime which was object of the inquiry
children monks_invented_torments
parents persuations_ineffectual

monks_invented_torments
content Monks of succeeding ages.. entertained themselves by diversifying the deaths and suffering of primitive martyrs... frequenctly invented torments
parents obtain_not_confession_but_denial

writers_zeal_against_heretics
content ecclasiastical writers.. ascribed to the Roman magistrates... zeal which filled their own breasts against heretics and idolators of their own time
children magistrates_respected_justice
parents total_disregard_truth_natural_mistake

total_disregard_truth_natural_mistake
content The total disgregard of truth and pobability.. of these primitive martyrdoms was occasioned by a very natural mistake.
children writers_zeal_against_heretics, cyprian_church_of_carthage_and_africa
parents punishment_not_inevitable

magistrates_respected_justice
content It is certain.. greatest part of magistrates respected rules of justice.
children martyrs_opposite_extremes
parents writers_zeal_against_heretics

martyrs_opposite_extremes
content martyrs... selected from the most opposite of extremes
children bishops_presbyters_or_meanest_little_value
parents magistrates_respected_justice

bishops_presbyters_or_meanest_little_value
content Either bishops and presbyters or else they were meanest and most abject... whose lives were esteemed of little value
children origen_number_of_martyrs_inconsiderable
parents martyrs_opposite_extremes

origen_number_of_martyrs_inconsiderable
content Origen... declares... number of martyrs was very inconsiderable
children dionysis_ten_men_seven_women
parents bishops_presbyters_or_meanest_little_value

dionysis_ten_men_seven_women
content Dionysis... persecution [under] Decius, reckons only ten men and seven women
parents origen_number_of_martyrs_inconsiderable

cyprian_church_of_carthage_and_africa
content During the same period of prosecution... Cyprian governed the church... of Carthage... [and] even Africa
children banishment_to_curubis, cyprian_proves_bishop_peril_exagerated
parents total_disregard_truth_natural_mistake, cyprian

cyprian_proves_bishop_peril_exagerated
content Life of Cyprian is sufficient to prove... our fancy has exagerated the perilous situation of a Christian Bishop
children four_emperors_perished
parents cyprian_church_of_carthage_and_africa

four_emperors_perished
content Four emperors perished by the sword in the space of ten years, during which bishop of Carthage guided by his authority... councils of African church
children edicts_of_decius
parents cyprian_proves_bishop_peril_exagerated

edicts_of_decius
content Only in the third year of admin... edicts of Decius.. magistrates... demanded that Cyprian... thrown to the lions.
children withdrew_solitude
parents four_emperors_perished

withdrew_solitude
content Withdrew himself into obscure solitude
children death_cause_of_religion
parents edicts_of_decius

death_cause_of_religion
content Eight years later, he suffered death in the cause of religion
parents withdrew_solitude

cyprian
content cyprian
children manner_of_execution, paternus_summons_cyprian, cyprian_church_of_carthage_and_africa, galerius_warrant_execution_christians

paternus_summons_cyprian
content Valerian.. consul for the third... Gallienus for the forth.. Paternus, proconsul of Africa, summoned Cyprian
children banishment_to_curubis
parents cyprian

banishment_to_curubis
content Banishment to Curubis, about 40 miles from Carthage
children recalled_after_new_proconsol
parents cyprian_church_of_carthage_and_africa, paternus_summons_cyprian

recalled_after_new_proconsol
content Recalled from exile after arrival of new proconsul.
parents banishment_to_curubis

galerius_warrant_execution_christians
content Year after Cyprian apprehended, Galerius Maximus, Proconsul of Africa,... imperial warrant for execution of Christian Teachers
children manner_of_execution
parents cyprian

manner_of_execution
content Manner of execution... mildest and least painful
children we_will_die_with_him
parents galerius_warrant_execution_christians, cyprian
remarks execution was a beheading

we_will_die_with_him
content 'we will die with him'... christians who waited at palace gates
children martyr_apostate_honour_infamy, cyprian_first_martyrdom
parents manner_of_execution

cyprian_first_martyrdom
content Of so great a multitude of Bishops in Africa... Cyprian... first.. martyrdom
parents we_will_die_with_him

martyr_apostate_honour_infamy
content Die a martyr or live an Apostate,... honour or infamy
children first_christians_martyrdom_eagerness
parents we_will_die_with_him

first_christians_martyrdom_eagerness
content Fervor of First Christians... desired martyrdom with... eagerness
children fever_of_mind_gave_way_to
parents martyr_apostate_honour_infamy

fever_of_mind_gave_way_to
content Although devotion had raised... this fever of the mind, it insensibly gave way to... hopes and fears of the human heart..., love of life, apprehensions of pain,... horror of dissolution
children charged_prepare_an_answer
parents first_christians_martyrdom_eagerness

charged_prepare_an_answer
content I. A modern Inquisitor... hear with surprise... charge... communicated.. convenient time... prepare an answer
children provincial_governers_certificates, unworthy_christians, convictions_christians_depended_on
parents fever_of_mind_gave_way_to

provincial_governers_certificates
content II. Provincial Governers... selling certificates [libels]... complied with laws... sacrificed to... deities
parents charged_prepare_an_answer

unworthy_christians
content III. Unworthy Christians... publically denounced faith which they had professed
children prosecution_abated_returning_multitude
parents charged_prepare_an_answer

prosecution_abated_returning_multitude
content As soon as the severity of the prosecution was abated... returning multitude of penitents
parents unworthy_christians

convictions_christians_depended_on
content IV. Notwithstanding... rules... conviction... Christians... fate of those sectaries... depended on... own behavior... circumstances of times... temper of... rulers
children ten_persecutions, apology_of_tertullian
parents charged_prepare_an_answer

ten_persecutions
content ten persections
children ten_plagues_horns
parents convictions_christians_depended_on
remarks "ten" is emphasized

ten_plagues_horns
content ten plauges of egypt, ten horns of the apocalypse
parents ten_persecutions

apology_of_tertullian
content Apology of Tertullian contains... suspicious instances of Imperial Clemency
children injustice_marcus_lenity_commodus
parents convictions_christians_depended_on

injustice_marcus_lenity_commodus
content Injustice of Marcus, Lenity of Commodus
children marcia_affection_oppressed_church, severus (After Commodus)
parents apology_of_tertullian

marcia_affection_oppressed_church
content Marcia, the most favored of the concubines... entertained a singular affection for the oppressed church
children thirteen_years_tyranny_safely
parents injustice_marcus_lenity_commodus

thirteen_years_tyranny_safely
content Passed in safety the thirteen years of a cruel tyranny
children severus (After Commodus)
parents marcia_affection_oppressed_church

severus
content Severus
children proselytes_increased_numbers, fury_populace_checked
parents injustice_marcus_lenity_commodus, thirteen_years_tyranny_safely

fury_populace_checked
content Fury populace checked, ancient laws suspended, provincial governers annual present from church
parents severus

proselytes_increased_numbers
content Increased numbers of proselytes (converted)
children severus_edict
parents severus

severus_edict
content Severus declares edict to restrain progress of christianity
children expired_authority_emperor
parents proselytes_increased_numbers

expired_authority_emperor
content Expired with authority of emporer
children 38_years_calm
parents severus_edict

38_years_calm
content 38 years calm
children mamaea_converses_origen
parents expired_authority_emperor

mamaea_converses_origen
content Mamaea converses with Origen while passing through Antioch.
children philip (Origen wrote to Philip), alexander
parents 38_years_calm

alexander
content Alexander, son of Mamaea
children injudicious_regard_christianity, alexander_death_maximin_massacre
parents mamaea_converses_origen

injudicious_regard_christianity
content Singular yet injudicious regard for Christian Religion
parents alexander

alexander_death_maximin_massacre
content Death of Alexander, Maximin "promiscuous massacre" of Christians of every rank
children philip
parents alexander

philip
content Emperor Philip: friend and protector to Christians
parents alexander_death_maximin_massacre, mamaea_converses_origen